The international dialling code for Cyprus is 357. As a general rule, calls from and to Cyprus work pretty much the same as everywhere else in the world.
Calls within Cyprus cost the same whether they be long or short distance. Until 2001 regional prefixes stated with a '0', which has now been replaced by a '2'. If you see some old phone numbers, you might have to adapt the prefixes (e.g. dial 25 instead of 05 for Limassol).
Regional dialling codes include
When calling a fixed-line number in Cyprus from abroad you must dial +357 + regional extension + local number (e.g. +357 25 + local number for Limassol).
When calling a mobile phone from abroad you should remember to dial +357 and add 99 (Cytamobile-Vodafone) or 96 (MTN) before the number.